What are Saudi Arabia, Turkiye and Pakistan’s joint military capabilities?

Core Impact Points

• The Mecca Defence Agreement combines the military capabilities of Saudi Arabia, Turkiye, and Pakistan, including nearly 1.4 million active military personnel, 3,400 aircraft, and 6,000 tanks.
• The pact aims to strengthen collective deterrence against any act of aggression and is seen as a response to growing regional tensions, including concerns over Israel's expanding military reach and Iran's regional influence.
• The combined defence budgets of the three countries amount to about $124.4bn annually, with Saudi Arabia having the largest military budget at $63.9bn in 2026.
• The pact raises concerns about the potential for nuclear proliferation and the impact on regional stability, particularly given Pakistan's status as the only nuclear-armed Muslim country.
• The development has significant implications for regional security and global politics, with potential far-reaching consequences for the US and its allies in the region.